流化床生物质气化过程的中试研究

在流化床生物质气化炉内 ,用空气进行气化生物质 (花生壳 )的试验研究 ,分析的参数是ER(0 .2— 0 .45 ) ,气化床的温度 (75 0— 85 0℃ )。当当量比ER在 0 .2 5— 0 .33范围内 ,气化燃气热值为 6 .2— 6 .8MJ/Nm3,气体产量在 2 6 0—30 0Nm3/h。并对七种农、林废弃物进行了初步气化实验研究。生成的燃气成分 :CO在 14%— 17%之间 ,H2 含量一般低于10 % ,甲烷含量为 5 %— 10 %。燃气热值多数在 5 30 0— 6 5 0 0kJ/Nm3,气化效率 72 .6 %。实验结果表明 ,流化床生物质气化炉可用于生物质气化     

Renewable energy from gasification of manure: an innovative technology in search of fertile policy

After describing an innovative technology, the close-coupled gasification and cyclonic combustor, this article explores the policy issues that inhibit a superior sustainable solution fromflourishing. Discussion of technology includes defining biomass,explaining what biomass to energy means, what the advantages of biomass to energy are, and why gasification is a superior biomassto energy technology. Specifically the environmental benefits ofalternatives to landspreading of traditional manure management arediscussed, as well as the advantages of gasification versus traditional combustion techniques for high nitrogen fuels. The policy environment is explored, particularly regarding sustainability, manure management, and renewable energy. Artificial, non-sustainable barriers to renewable energy, and the impact of wide jurisdictional variability are discussed. North Carolina is identified as a unique jurisdiction to monitor because of its high volume of livestock manure, and laggard position in renewable energy advocacy. The authors contend that these two positions are unsustainable, and that pressures can beexpected to force the state to modify its renewable energy policies or risk losing market share in livestock production tomore pro-sustainable policy oriented states.     

科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段植物种多样性与沙地草场地上生物量关系研究

论文从植被的种丰富度和功能多样性两个方面研究不同沙漠化阶段科尔沁沙地植物种多样性与沙地草场地上生物量的关系。相关分析表明,在科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段,植物种多样性和沙地草场地上生物量的关系与多样性指数计算的基本单位有关。研究结果显示:①依据一年生、多年生和灌木等生活型为划分标准的功能多样性,在固定沙丘、半流动沙丘和流动沙丘阶段与沙地草场地上生物量的关系最密切,关联系数分别为-0.534、-0.574和-0.431。以豆科植物、C₃植物和C₄植物为划分标准的功能多样性,在半固定沙丘阶段与沙地草场地上生物量的关系最密切,关联系数为0.722。②在不同的沙漠化阶段,生活型多样性与地上生物量的关系呈负相关。说明在不同沙漠化程度的草场中,植物生活型组成的不均匀,有利于提高沙地草场地上生物量。③从不同生活型在各个沙漠化阶段中的种丰富度特征来看,一年生植物最高,多年生植物次之,灌木最低,平均值分别为9(±6.0)、3(±2.6)和1.8(±1.0),说明一年生植物在沙地植被组成中占主导地位。同时,研究结果表明,在不同沙漠化阶段中,以豆科植物、C₃植物和C₄植物划分的功能类型组的平均重要值以C₄植物最高,C₃植物次之,豆科最低,分别为48(±12.3)、39.7(±3.6)和12.3(±14.3),说明C₄类植物在科尔沁沙地植     

芒荻类植物资源的开发和利用

研究发现,特产于我国东部的南荻TriarrhenalutarioriparaL.Liusp.nov.新种,植株高大,每年秆生长高度达5～7m,年产22.5～30t/hm²干荻秆;秆的纤维细胞含量50%左右(43%～65%),纤维细胞长度平均为3mm,最长可达6.8mm,是制造上等纸张的优质草类原料。芒荻类属于高光效碳四(C⁴)植物,是有价值的环保植物,在生长过程中,它比一般植物能更多地吸收CO²和放出O²,对平衡大气中的CO²/O²十分有利,并能降低温室效应。研究证明,南荻对环境适应演化的独特机制,能将大面积河湖荒滩湿地改变成为创造经济生态环保效益的生产基地。     

农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用

农林生物质作为低成本吸附剂在环境污染治理中日益受到重视。综述了农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用研究进展,分析了生物质处理含铬废水的机理、影响因素,指出了生物质法处理含铬废水的发展方向。     

MBBR的生物反硝化特性

在讨论生物膜反硝化原理的基础上研究了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)的生物反硝化特性.在NO-3-N负荷为0.32 kg/(m3·d)条件下,MBBR系统达稳态时的平均生物膜量为33.7 mg/g,生物膜厚为100μm左右;生物膜的COD降解速率为166.5 mg/(g·h),硝氮降解速率为32.1 mg/(g·h).     

生物质闪速热解技术及生物油的应用

目前可利用的石油资源在日益耗竭,许多国家纷纷开始寻找石油的替代品,其中生物质热解液化制油技术已被认为是最具有发展潜力的技术之一.本文介绍了国内外的主要热解反应器研制情况,并阐述了生物油的应用.     

建设生态工业园区 推进环保产业发展——在南海国家生态工业示范园区暨华南环保科技产业园建设规划论证会上的讲话

论述了建设生态工业园区是实现区域可持续发展、经济和环境双赢的重要举措。     

SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROPHYTE BIOMASS1

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the virtues of a stratified random system for sampling aquatic plant biomass. It also discusses factors which might be wed to stratify samples and it presents a case study of Lilly Lake, wisconsin, where a stratified random system reduced sampling efforts by about 37 percent.     

Four years of free-air CO2 enrichment enhance soil C concentrations in a Chinese wheat field

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can influence soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. The e ects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and N fertilization on soil organic C (Corg), dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and soil basal respiration (SBR) were investigated in a Chinese wheat field after expose to elevated CO2 for four full years. The results indicated that elevated CO2 has stimulative e ects on soil C concentrations regardless of N fertilization. Following the elevated CO2, the concentrations of Corg and SBR were increased at wheat jointing stage, and those of DOC and Cmic were enhanced obviously across the wheat jointing stage and the fallow period after wheat harvest. On the other hand, N fertilization did not significantly a ect the content of soil C. Significant correlations were found among DOC, Cmic, and SBR in this study.